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doc#118 requirements are particularly severe at the anode . In free burning electric arcs, for instance
doc#118 ensure uniformity of the flow leaving the anode . The anode plug (Figure 2) was inserted
doc#118 transferred to the cooling medium of the anode . </p><p> The higher heat transfer rates at
doc#118 by applying gas transpiration through the anode . The third method was, to our knowledge
doc#118 energy of the electrons impinging on the anode . This energy transfer depends on the current
doc#118 voltage. Gas injection through a porous anode (transpiration cooling) not only feeds
doc#118 decrease of current density from cathode to the anode ). Hence, the flow conditions at the anode
doc#118 balance of the anode was established. The anode ablation could be reduced to a negligible
doc#118 voltmeter whose terminals were connected to the anode and cathode holders. Because of the falling
doc#118 energy balance for a transpiration cooled anode as well as the effect of blowing on the
doc#118 Feed back of the energy transferred to the anode by applying gas transpiration through the
doc#118 Continuous motion of the arc contact area at the anode by flow or magnetic forces. 3. Feed back
doc#118 feeds back the energy transferred to the anode by the above mentioned processes, but also
doc#118 <p> The higher heat transfer rates at the anode compared with those at the cathode can
doc#118 against contamination of the arc by air. The anode consisted of a <frac12> inch diameter porous
doc#118 electric arc applying a porous graphite anode cooled by a transpiring gas (Argon). Thus
doc#118 design the net energy loss of the arc to the anode could be reduced to approximately 15% of
doc#118 into the arc. It was shown that by proper anode design the net energy loss of the arc to
doc#118 to reduce electron heat transfer to the anode for a given power output. 2. Continuous
doc#118 disk. The transpiring gas ejected from the anode formed a jet directed axially towards the