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doc#118 | energy transfer depends on the current, the | temperature | in the arc column, the anode material, |
doc#118 | thermocouple was used to measure the upstream | temperature | of the transpiring gas. It was exposed |
doc#118 | simultaneous measurement of the anode surface | temperature | and the temperature distribution along |
doc#118 | of the anode surface temperature and the | temperature | distribution along the anode holder. Three |
doc#118 | surrounding the anode holder to determine its | temperature | . </p><p> Another anode holder used in the |
doc#118 | the anode were determined by measuring the | temperature | rise of the coolant. To reduce heat transfer |
doc#118 | measuring the characteristic anode surface | temperature | (see below) since only a small region of |
doc#118 | the arc. This region which had a higher | temperature | than the rest of the anode surface changed |
doc#118 | voltage was measured. To measure the surface | temperature | of the anode plug, the surface was scanned |
doc#118 | very hot region occurred on the plug. Its | temperature | was denoted by <formul>. The size of this |
doc#118 | estimated by eye. The rest of the surface had a | temperature | which decreased towards the outer diameter |
doc#118 | the outer diameter of the plug. The mean | temperature | of this region was approximated by the |
doc#118 | temperature of this region was approximated by the | temperature | measured halfways between the edge of the |
doc#118 | plug. It was denoted by <formul>. The mean | temperature | of the surface was then computed according |
doc#118 | higher temperatures. </p><p> The upstream gas | temperature | measured with the thermocouple shown in |
doc#118 | voltages. Simultaneously with the anode surface | temperature | and voltage measurements pyrometer readings |
doc#118 | in figure 4 was taken as typical for the | temperature | distribution for all blowing rates. </p> |
doc#118 | shown in figure 2 indicated an equilibrium | temperature | of the surface of <formul>. This temperature |
doc#118 | temperature of the surface of <formul>. This | temperature | was taken as environmental temperature |
doc#118 | This temperature was taken as environmental | temperature | to which the anode holder was exposed as |